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11.25     What are allotropes? Sketch the structure of two allotropes of carbon namely diamond and graphite. What is the impact of structure on physical properties of two allotropes?

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The various forms of the same element are known as allotropes. They have the same chemical properties but different physical properties.
Allotropes of carbon -
(i)                                                   (ii)
diamond
In diamond, all the carbon is sp^3 hybridised and each of the carbon is attached with the four neighbour carbon atom. by a strong covalent bond. This provides it with a very rigid structure and makes it the hardest substance. 

In Graphite, carbon is sp^2 hybridised and attached with three neighbours carbon. It has a layered structure, which is attached with the weak van der Waal forces. These layers can slide over one another so that's why they are soft and used as a lubricant.

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