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Chemical and Ionic Equilibria (Weightage 3%)  

Topics from Chemical and Ionic Equilibria

  • Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings (10 concepts)
  • First law of thermodynamics - Concept of work (17 concepts)
  • First law of thermodynamics-internal energy and enthalpy (2 concepts)
  • heat capacity and specific heat (7 concepts)
  • Second law of thermodynamics (10 concepts)
  • Gibbs energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous process (4 concepts)
  • Criteria for equilibrium and spontaneity (1 concepts)
  • combustion (1 concepts)
  • measurement of Delta U and Delta H (3 concepts)
  • Hydration, ionization and solution. (1 concepts)
  • enthalpy of : bond dissociation (1 concepts)
  • phase transition (1 concepts)
  • atomization (1 concepts)
  • Sublimation (1 concepts)
  • solution and dilution (1 concepts)
  • Hess's law of constant heat summation (1 concepts)
  • formation (1 concepts)
  • Meaning of equilibrium (10 concepts)
  • pressure, temperature, effect of catalyst (2 concepts)
  • factors affecting equilibrium concentration (11 concepts)
  • Equilibria involving physical processes: Solid -liquid, liquid - gas and solid - gas equilibria (2 concepts)
  • Henrys law (1 concepts)
  • Law of chemical equilibrium, (6 concepts)
  • equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance (9 concepts)
  • hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions (3 concepts)
  • significance of Gibbs free energy in chemical equilibrium (4 concepts)
  • Le Chateliers principle (1 concepts)
  • Ionic equilibrium (1 concepts)
  • ionization of water, pH scale (8 concepts)
  • acid - base equilibria (including multistage ionization) and ionization constants (11 concepts)
  • various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted - Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization (2 concepts)
  • INTRODUCTION TO EQUILIBRIUM (3 concepts)
  • LAW OF CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM AND EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT (2 concepts)
  • APPLICATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS (2 concepts)
  • FACTORS AFFECTING EQUILIBRIA (2 concepts)
  • IONIC EQUILIBRIUM (1 concepts)
  • IONIZATION OF ACIDS AND BASES (8 concepts)
  • SOLUBILITY EQUILIBRIA OF SPARINGLY SOLUBLE SALTS (3 concepts)
  • BUFFER SOLUTIONS (6 concepts)
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