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  • Choose the incorrect statement  Option: 1 On the superior aspect of each kidney, the adrenal gland is pr

Choose the incorrect statement

 

Option: 1

On the superior aspect of each kidney, the adrenal gland is present

 


Option: 2

The kidneys are avascularized, receiving little to no cardiac output at rest

 


Option: 3

Kidneys are reddish-brown, bean-shaped structures situated between the levels of last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra.

 


Option: 4

Each kidney of an adult human weighs around 120- 170 g. 

 


Answers (1)

best_answer

 

 

Human Excretory System: Kidneys and Their Exterior Aspects -

  • Kidneys are reddish-brown, bean-shaped structures situated between the levels of last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra.
  • Each kidney of an adult human measures 10-12 cm in length, 5-7 cm in width, 2-3 cm in thickness with an average weight of 120- 170 g. 
  • These are located in the retroperitoneal space between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall, well protected by muscle, fat, and ribs.
  • The kidneys are well vascularized, receiving about 25% of the cardiac output at rest
  • The left kidney is located at about the T12 to L3 vertebrae, whereas the right is lower due to slight displacement by the liver.
  • Upper portions of the kidneys are somewhat protected by the eleventh and twelfth ribs
  • These are directly covered by a fibrous capsule composed of dense, irregular connective tissue that helps to hold their shape and protect them. 
  • This capsule is covered by a shock-absorbing layer of adipose tissue called the renal fat pad.
  • The renal pad is encompassed by a tough renal fascia. 
  • The fascia and, to a lesser extent, the overlying peritoneum serves to firmly anchor the kidneys to the posterior abdominal wall in a retroperitoneal position.
  • On the superior aspect of each kidney is the adrenal gland.
     

-

 

 Hence, the correct option is b. The kidneys are avascularized, receiving little to no cardiac output at rest

Posted by

Ajit Kumar Dubey

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