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Compared with the gametophytes of bryophytes, the gametophytes of vascular plant are
Option: 1
smaller but have larger sex organs
Option: 2
larger but have smaller sex organs
Option: 3
larger and have larger sex organs
Option: 4
smaller and have smaller sex organs
Answers (1)
Bryophyta -
- These are non vascular terrestrial plants present mostly in moist places.
- Bryophytes are called so because they depend on external water for fertilization and completion of their life cycle.
- Bryophytes are the first land plants.
- The main plant body is gametophytic. It can be thalloid i.e. not differentiated into root, stem and leaves or foliose i.e. leafy.
- Vegetative reproduction occurs by various methods such as fragmentation of the older thallus, adventitious branches detached from thallus to form new thalli.
- Sexual reproduction is of oogamous type.
- The sex organs are multicellular and jacketed.
- Sex organs are multicellular and jacketed.
- The male sex organ is called as antheridium and female sex organs are called archegonium.
- The antheridium forms biflagellate male gametes and the archegonium has only one egg cell.
- Fertilisation is by zooidogamous oogamy. Archegonia secrete sugars which attract male gametes by chemotaxy.
- The zygote develops into a multicellular relatively undifferentiated embryo which becomes adult sporophyte.
- Sporophyte remains attached to the gametophyte as a partial or complete parasite.
- Sporophyte has foot, seta or meristematic zone and capsule. In some cases, foot and seta can be absent.
- The capsule has spore mother cells which divide meiotically to form spores. All the spores are morphologically similar and hence Homosporous.
- Bryophytes depict heteromorphic alternation of generations and life cycle is Haplo- diplontic.
- Eg: Riccia, Funaria, Anthoceros
- Bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms bear the female sex organs called the archegonium (pl. archegonia).
- It is a flask-shaped body with a neck and a swollen base called ventre.
- The egg cell (female gamete) is present in the ventre.
- Due to this,
- bryophytes, pteridophytes and gymnosperms are called the archegoniate plants.
Vascular plants gymnosperms and angiosperms have larger sex organs but minute gametophytes.
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