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How did the origin and evolution of Man began ?

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The gradual evolution of man from ape is fully supported by available fossils

1. Propliopithecus: It was an ape like primate, but in the possession of short arms, it resembled man. It lived, about 30 million years ago

2. Aegyptopithecus: It is similar to propliopithecus. It is believed that it was ancestral of Dryopithecus

3. Dryopitecus: It is a group of apes that lived about 20 million years ago. Their forelimbs were shorter than hindlimbs. It is also ancestor of modern apes like Chimpanzee and Gorilla

4. Oreopithecus : In the structure of teeth and erect walking, it resembles man, but having long forelimbs, it resembles apes. Straus and simpson suggest that man and oreopithecus have parallel evolution and hence are not ancestral to man.

5. Ramapithecus: It lived 12 to 12 million years ago. The dentition is more identical to dentition of man and their fossil were collected from Africa and India

6. Kenyapithecus: It is closely related to Ramapithecus. Its fossil is collected from East Africa.

7. Australopithecus: It is connecting link ape and man. It lived 2 to 5 million years ago. The characters of Australopithecus like man and ape are as below

– Man like characters: Erect posture, bipedal locomotion and dentition is like that of man

– Ape like characters: Teeth were larger than modern man, absence of chin, eye brow ridges projected over the eyes

8. Homo erectus: It is erect ape man. They are commonly called Java man because their fossils were collected from Java. They lived about 5,00,000 years ago. The main characters of Homo erectus are

– They has upright bipedal locomotion

– They were slightly taller than Australopithecus.

– The face are chinless

– They used fire and variety of tools

9. Homo sapiens

(1) Neanderthal man: They existed about 75,000 years ago. The main character are

– Their eyebrow ridges were heavy and protruding

– Their teeth were large

– They had no chin

– Their cranial capacity was about 1400 cc

(2) Rhodesian man: The fossils were collected from Rhodesia. The cranial capacity was about 1300 cc

(3) Cro-magnon man: These were the men who lived in Europe during the last 30,000 years. They possessed all characteristics of modern man

(4) Modern man: They were originated 8000 years ago. The cranial capacity of modern man is 1450cc

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Safeer PP

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