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Nucleotides
- Nucleotides are the monomer units of nucleic acids.
- A nucleotide is made up of nucleoside and phosphate group.
- A nucleoside is made up of 5 carbon pentose sugar and nitrogenous base.
- There are two types of nitrogenous bases: purine and pyrimidine.
- Purines have a double ring structure. There are two types of purines - adenine and guanine
- Pyrimidines have a single ring structure.There are three types of pyrimidines - thymine, cytosine, and uracil.
- A nitrogenous base is attached to the pentose sugar at the C-1 via N-glycosidic bond. It is a covalent bond.
- The phosphate group is attached to the C-5 via phosphoester bond.
Functions of nucleotides:
- These form the nucleic acids - DNA and RNA.
- These are components of coenzymes, nonprotein organic molecules that facilitate enzymatic reactions.
- ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a nucleotide that supplies energy for synthetic reactions and for various other energy-requiring processes in cells.
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An N-glycosidic bonds is present between the nitrogenous base and
of pentose sugar.
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