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In gymnosperms, sporophytes are
Option: 1
Diploid, dominant and dependent
Option: 2
Haploid, dominant and independent
Option: 3
Diploid, dominant and independent
Option: 4
Haploid, dominant and dependent
Answers (1)
Reproduction in gymnosperms -
- Gymnosperms are heterosporous and produce both mega and microspores on the same plant (Monoecious - Pinus) or on different plants (Dioecious – Cycas).
- Microspores and megaspores are formed on microsporangia and megasporangia respectively, which in return are formed on microsporophylls and megasporophylls respectively.
- The microsporophyll and megasporophyll aggregate and form cone-like structures Strobili.
- Megasporophylls possess integumented megasporangium known as ovules which bear female gametophyte.
- Female gametophyte possess archegonia i.e. female sex organ.
- Microspores include male gametophyte which produces only two male gametes or sperm.
- The pollen grains or microspores are liberated at more than 2-celled stage from microsporangium.
- Water is not required for transport of male gamete. A pollen tube is formed that delivers male gametes to archegonia.
- Fertilization produces a zygote which later turns into an embryo.
- Endosperm in gymnosperms is formed before fertilization. It represents the haploid female gametophyte generation.
- The seeds are naked i.e. they are not formed inside fruit as in angiosperms.
-
In gymnosperms, sporophytes are main plant body. They are diploid, dominant and
independent.
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