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  • Please explain me "Universal gravitational constant".

Please explain me "Universal gravitational constant".

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The value of the gravitational constant G entering the Universal law of gravitation can be determined experimentally and this was first done by English scientist Henry Cavendish in 1798.

 

The bar AB has two small lead spheres attached at its ends. The bar is suspended from a rigid support by a fine wire. Two large lead spheres are brought close to the small ones but on opposite sides as shown. The big spheres attract the nearby small ones by equal and opposite force as shown. There is no net force on the bar but only a torque which is clearly equal to F times the length of the bar,where F is the force of attraction between a big sphere and its neighbouring small sphere. Due to this torque, the suspended wire gets twisted till such time as the restoring torque of the wire equals the gravitational torque .

F=\frac{Gmm}{d^2}\\\frac{Gmm}{d^2}L=\tau \theta

Observation of θ thus enables one to calculate G from this equation.

alculate G from this equation. Since Cavendish’s experiment, the measurement of G has been refined and the currently accepted value is G = 6.67×10-11 N m2/kg2

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Safeer PP

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