Hepaticopsida:
- Members of this class are also called liverworts.
- Liverworts are mostly found in moist and shady localities.
- The gametophyte can be either thalloid (Riccia, Marchantia) or can have leaf-like appendages in two rows on a stem-like axis (Porella).
- The thallus is dorsiventral, prostate and has unicellular rhizoids (smooth walled and pegged) and multicellular scales known as Amphigastria on the ventral side.
- Dichotomous branching is seen in Riccia and Marchantia.
- Vegetative reproduction is by fragmentation or by the formation of multicellular green structures called Gemmae (Marchantia).
Many bryophytes, including liverworts, have gemmae, an asexual breeding method. They can be green, multicellular formations with one to many cells. On the thalli, in tiny containers known as gemma cups, these asexual flowers grow.
Option 2 is correct
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