Monosaccharides -
Monosaccharides
- These are the simple sugars that cannot be broken down through the hydrolysis reaction.
- They do not have any covalent bond.
- These are the monomers that would condense via the glycosidic bond (a type of covalent bond) to form polymers of carbohydrates.
- They are represented by the formula (CH2O)n.
- The smallest molecules usually considered to be monosaccharides are those with n = 3.
- Monosaccharides are also classified on the basis of the carbonyl - aldehyde (-CHO) or ketose (-COR) group.
- Glyceraldehyde is a triose with an aldehyde group.
- Dihydroxyacetone is a triose with a ketose group.
- Glucose is a hexose with an aldehyde group.
- Fructose is a hexose with a ketone group.
TIP: Carbons in a monosaccharide are numbered such that the aldehyde group is carbon number one or the ketone group is carbon number two.
Glyceraldehyde, fructose and glucose are simple monosaccharides. They do not contain
glycosidic bond.
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