Human Excretory System: Kidneys and Their Exterior Aspects -
- In humans, the excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, one pair of ureters, a urinary bladder and urethra.
Exterior Aspects of Kidneys:
- Kidneys are reddish-brown, bean-shaped structures situated between the levels of last thoracic and third lumbar vertebra.
- Each kidney of an adult human measures 10-12 cm in length, 5-7 cm in width, 2-3 cm in thickness with an average weight of 120- 170 g.
- These are located in the retroperitoneal space between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall, well protected by muscle, fat, and ribs.
- The kidneys are well vascularized, receiving about 25% of the cardiac output at rest
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Human kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall, well protected by muscle, fat, and ribs. Hence, the correct option is a. abdominal cavity
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