# (a) Draw the circuit diagram for studying the characteristics of an n-p-n transistor in common emitter configuration.(b) With the help of its input and output characteristics, how would you find the input resistance and the current gain from these characteristics?

(a)

Ib = Base current

VBC = Base emitter voltage

IC = collector current

VCE = collector emiiter voltage

IE = Emitter current

(b)  Input characteristics are the relation between the base current and base-emitter voltage with a constant collector-emitter voltage

Output characteristics are the relation between collector current and collector-emitter voltage with base current as constant.

Input resistance.

$r_{i}= \left (\frac{\Delta V_{BE}}{\Delta I_{B}} \right )_{V_{CE}}$

Current gain is the ratio of change in collector current to the change in the base current at a constant collector-emitter voltage $\left ({V_{CE}} \right )$

Thus,

$\beta = \left ( \frac{\Delta I_{C}}{\Delta I_{B}} \right )_{V_{CE}}$

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