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  • (a) List any two ways the biodiversity loss affects any region. (b) Explain any two causes of biodiversity loss, with the help of suitable examples.      

(a) List any two ways the biodiversity loss affects any region.

(b) Explain any two causes of biodiversity loss, with the help of
suitable examples.

 

 

 

 
 
 
 
 

Answers (1)

a) Loss of biodiversity affects :
1. Overexploitation of resources such as land, water, mineral etc leads to their unavailability for humans in the future. For example shrimp farming in Ecuador, Thailand and India is causing wetland destruction.
2. Habitat destruction takes place which is due to increased urbanization, industrialization, deforestation and fire etc.
In general, loss of biodiversity in a region may lead to
(a) decline in plant production,
(b) lowered resistance to environmental perturbations such as drought and
(c) increased variability in certain ecosystem processes such as plant productivity, water use, and pest and disease cycles.

 

b) Two causes of biodiversity loss-

i) Habitat loss and fragmentation:
This is the most important cause driving animals and plants to extinction. The most dramatic examples of habitat loss come from tropical rain forests. Once covering more than 14 per cent of the earth’s land surface, these rain forests now cover no more than 6 per cent. They are being destroyed fast. The Amazon rain forest (it is so huge that it is called the ‘lungs of the planet’) harbouring probably millions of species is being cut and cleared for cultivating soya beans or for conversion to grasslands for raising beef cattle. Besides total loss, the degradation of many habitats by pollution also threatens the survival of many species. When large habitats are broken up into small fragments due to various human activities, mammals and birds requiring large territories and certain animals with migratory habits are badly affected, leading to population declines.

(ii) Over-exploitation:
Humans have always depended on nature for food and shelter, but when ‘need’ turns to ‘greed’, it leads to over-exploitation of natural resources. Many species extinctions in the last 500 years (Steller’s sea cow, passenger pigeon) were due to overexploitation by humans. Presently many marine fish populations around the world are over-harvested, endangering the continued existence of some commercially important species.

Posted by

Priyanka Kumari

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