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Explain the effect on the characteristics of a river when urban sewage is discharged into it. 

 

 

 

 
 
 
 
 

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When it comes to treating sewage water, it is observed that solid wastes are relatively easy to remove, but dissolved salts (nitrates, phosphates) and metal ions are difficult to remove. 
 
Effects on the characteristics of a river when urban sewage is discharged into it- 

  • Domestic sewage consists of biodegradable organic matter, which readily decomposes by the action of microorganisms, which can multiply using these organic substances as substrates. It is possible to estimate the amount of biodegradable organic matter in sewage water by measuring Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). 
  • Microorganisms involved in biodegradation of organic matter of the river consume a lot of oxygen, and as a result, there is a sharp decline in dissolved oxygen downstream from the point of  sewage discharge. This causes mortality of fish and other aquatic creatures. 
  • Presence of large amounts of nutrients in water bodies also causes excessive growth of planktonic (free-floating) algae, called an algal bloom that imparts a distinct colour to the water bodies. Algal blooms cause deterioration of the water quality and death of aquatic animals. Some bloom-forming algae are extremely toxic to human beings and animals.  
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Priyanka Kumari

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