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  • Give characteristics and types of the epithelial tissue.

Give characteristics and types of the epithelial tissue.

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Epithelial tissue:

  • The animal tissue that forms the protective covering and the lining of the body cavity is called epithelial tissue.
  • It also forms the barrier system to keep the different systems of the body separated.
  • Characteristics of epithelial:
    • Tightly packed
    • Very less cementing material present
    • No intercellular space
    • It is separated from the underlying layers of other tissue by the extracellular fibrous basement membrane
  • The three types of epithelial tissue are:
    • Squamous epithelium
    • Cuboidal epithelium
    • Columnar epithelium

Squamous epithelium:

  • A layer of flattened cell lining the organs that require transport of substance through it, such as capillaries and alveoli is called a simple squamous epithelium.
  • It is also called pavement epithelium since it looks like the tiles of the floor.
  • When they are present in several layers of the cells and provides protection against mechanical damage, the squamous epithelium is called stratified squamous epithelium.
  • Location of squamous epithelium:
    • The inner lining of the blood vessels (simple squamous epithelium)
    • The inner lining of the lung alveoli (simple squamous epithelium)
    • The Inner lining of the esophagus (simple squamous epithelium)
    • the inner lining of the mouth (simple squamous epithelium)
    • Skin (stratified squamous epithelium)
  • Functions of squamous epithelium:
    • Protection against wear and tear
    • To keep a check on the material transported in and out of the lumen of the organs
  • Columnar epithelium:
    • These are tall or slender cells lining the ducts of the organs.
    • The main function of columnar epithelium is the secretion of substances and the absorption of the material through the epithelial lining. Hence it is found in the inner lining of the intestine.
    • The columnar epithelium is found in the inner lining of the respiratory tract and its surface shows the hair-like structures on its surface called cilia that push the mucus in the upper direction and removes the dust particle entering the respiratory tract. Such epithelium is called as ciliated columnar epithelium.
  • Cuboidal epithelium:
    • It is cuboid in shape and places a major role in secretion and absorption of substances through the lining of the ducts.
    • It is present in the linings of the kidney tubules and ducts of the salivary gland.
  • Both columnar and cuboidal epithelium can show the presence of cilia on their surface to be called the ciliated epithelium.
  • Both columnar and cuboidal epithelium are sometimes specialized to form single cells for secretion and sometimes a group of cells for secretion to form a gland. Such epithelium is called the glandular epithelium.
  • When the cells are forming a single layer, it is called the simple epithelium ad when they are present n several layers, they are called as stratified epithelium.
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