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  • Substantiate with the help of one example that in an ecosystem mutualists (i) tend to co-evolve and (ii) are also one of the major causes of biodiversity loss.    

Substantiate with the help of one example that in an ecosystem mutualists

(i) tend to co-evolve and

(ii) are also one of the major causes of biodiversity loss.

 

 

 

 
 
 
 
 

Answers (1)

(i) The mediterran orchid ophrys employs 'sexual deceit' to get pollination done by a species of bee. One petal of its flower bears an uncarry resemblance to the female of the bee in size, color and markings the male bee is attracted to what it perceives as a female, 'pseudocopulates' with the flower and during that process is dusted with pollen from the flowers. When this same bee pseudocopulates with another flower, it transfers pollen to it and thus pollinate the flower. If the female bee's color pattern change even slightly for any reason during evolution, pollination success will be reduced unless the orchid flower co-evolves to resembles the petal to the female bee.

(ii) Co - extinction is one of the 'Evil Quartet' in which when a species becomes extinct, the plant and animal species associated with it in an obligatory way also become extinct. When a host species becomes extinct, its unique assemblage of parasites also meets the same fate. An example is the case of a coevolved plant-pollinator mutualism where extinction of one invariably leads to the extinction of the other.

Posted by

Priyanka Kumari

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