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  • Write the duration and the events that occur in the ovary and the uterus during follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in humans. How do pituitary and ovarian hormones influence these two phases ?  

Write the duration and the events that occur in the ovary and the uterus during follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in humans. How do pituitary and ovarian hormones influence these two phases ?

 

 

 

 
 
 
 
 

Answers (1)

The cycle starts with the menstrual phase when menstrual flow occurs and it lasts for 3-5 days. The menstrual flow results due to the breakdown of the endometrial lining of the uterus and its blood vessels which form a liquid that comes out through the vagina. Menstruation only occurs if the released ovum is not fertilized.


The menstrual phase is followed by the follicular phase. During this phase, the primary follicles in the ovary grow to become a fully mature Graafian follicle and simultaneously the endometrium of uterus regenerates through proliferation. These changes in the ovary and the uterus are induced by changes in the levels of pituitary and ovarian hormones. The secretion of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) increases gradually during the follicular phase and stimulates follicular development as well as secretion of estrogens by the growing follicles. Both LH and FSH attain a peak level in the middle of the cycle (about 14th day). Rapid secretion of LH leading to its maximum level during the mid-cycle called LH surge induces rupture of Graafian follicle and thereby the release of an ovum (ovulation).

The ovulation (ovulatory phase) is followed by the luteal phase during which the remaining parts of the Graafian follicle transform as the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone which is essential for the maintenance of the endometrium. Such an endometrium is necessary for the implantation of the fertilized ovum and other events of pregnancy.
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Priyanka Kumari

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