Modes of occurrence of elements in nature, minerals, ores (7 concepts)
Steps involved in the extraction of metals -concentration, reduction (chemical and electrolytic methods) and refining with special reference to the extraction of Al, Cu, Zn and Fe (17 concepts)
Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of metals (2 concepts)
INTRODUCTION TO METALLURGY (1 concepts)
OCCURENCE OF METALS (4 concepts)
CONCENTRATION OF ORES (5 concepts)
EXTRACTION OF CRUDE METAL FROM CONCENTRATED ORE (4 concepts)