Q30 Consider the decay of a free neutron at rest: Show that the two-body decay of this type must necessarily give an electron of fixed energy and, therefore, cannot account for the observed continuous energy distribution in the of a neutron or a nucleus (Fig. 6.19).
[Note: The simple result of this exercise was one among the several arguments advanced by W.
Pauli to predict the existence of a third particle in the decay products of This
particle is known as the neutrino. We now know that it is a particle of intrinsic spin ½ (like
e—, p or n), but is neutral, and either massless or having an extremely small mass
(compared to the mass of an electron) and which interacts very weakly with matter. The
correct decay process of the neutron is : ]
By Einstein’s mass-energy relation we can write :
Here and C are constant thus two-body decay is unable to explain (or account for) the continuous energy distribution in the β-decay of a neutron.