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  • Give an example each for the mixture having the following characteristics. Suggest a suitable method to separate the components of these mixtures.

Give an example each for the mixture having the following characteristics. Suggest a suitable method
to separate the components of these mixtures.
(a) A volatile and a non-volatile component.
(b) Two volatile components with appreciable difference in boiling points.
(c) Two immiscible liquids.
(d) One of the components changes directly from solid to gaseous state.
(e) Two or more coloured constituents soluble in some solvent.

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Solution:
(a) A volatile (can be easily boiled) and a non-volatile (cannot be boiled) component.–
 We can use process of distillation or evaporation
Example: Common salt solution
(b) Two volatile components with appreciable difference in boiling points.
 We can use process of distillation.
Example: Acetone (boiling point = 56^{\circ}C) and water (boiling point = 100^{\circ}C)
(c) Two immiscible liquids (of different densities)
We can use process of Separation using separating funnel
Example: Oil Water mixture
(d) One of the components changes directly from solid to gaseous state.
We can use process of Sublimation
Example: Ammonium chloride (sublimate) and potassium chloride (will not sublimate)
(e) Two or more coloured constituents soluble in some solvent.
We can use process of chromatography in which mixture is dissolved in solvent to form mobile phase and on passing through a fixed phase they separate
Example: ink or plant dyes.

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