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Give an example to show the effect of concentration of nitric acid on the formation of oxidation product.

 

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We get different oxidation products on reaction of dilute and concentrated nitric acid with copper metals.  For example, zinc with very dilute HNO_{3}\left ( 6 \; ^{o}/_{o} \right ) forms NH_{4}NO_{3}, with dilute HNO_{3}\left ( 20 \; ^{o}/_{o} \right ) forms N_{2}O and with cone. HNO_{3}\left ( 70 \; ^{o}/_{o} \right ) forms NO_{2}.

(Very dilute) HNO_{3}:4Zn+10HNO_{3}\rightarrow 4Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+NH_{4}NO_{3}+3H_{2}O

(Dilute) HNO_{3}:4Zn+10HNO_{3}\rightarrow 4Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+N_{2}O+5H_{2}O

(Concentrated) HNO_{3}:Zn+HNO_{3}\rightarrow Zn(NO_{3})_{2}+2NO_{2}+2H_{2}O

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