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13.3     Account for the following:

              (iv) Although amino group is o– and p– directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions,aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m- nitroaniline.

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Nitration is carried out in strongly acidic medium, aniline is protonated to form the anilinium ion which is meta directing. Because of this reason, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of meta - nitroaniline                                                                                                                                                                    

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manish

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