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  • Describe the hybridisation in case of PCl_ 5 . Why are the axial bonds longer as compared to equatorial bonds ?

4.38     Describe the hybridisation in case of  PCl_{5}. Why are the axial bonds longer as compared to equatorial bonds?

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The initial ground state and final excited state electronic configuration of phosphorus (P) are:

So, the phosphorus atom is sp^3d hybridized in the excited state.The donated electron pairs by five Cl atoms are filled and make PCl_{5}..

The resultant shape is trigonal bipyramidal and the five sp^3d hybrid orbitals are directed towards the five corners.

pcl54

The five P-Cl sigma bonds, three lies in one plane and make 120^{\circ} with each other are equatorial bonds and the two P-Cl bonds lie above and below the equatorial plane makes an angle of 90^{\circ} with the plane are axial bonds.

So, just because of more repulsion from the equatorial bond pairs, the axial bonds are slightly longer than equatorial bonds.

Posted by

Divya Prakash Singh

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