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  • Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons.

Q. 1.     Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons.

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The nephrons are the basic filtering unit of our excretion system. Each nephron has a Bowman's capsule which is a cup-shaped bag having a bundle of vessels called glomerulus. Impure blood from all parts of our body enters the glomerulus through the renal artery and the impurities are filtered, The rest of the nephron is coiled and sugars, amino acids, excess water, etc. which are important for the body are re-absorbed. The filtrate left is urine containing all the waste generated in the body e.g. urea. This urine is excreted through the urethra.

Functions of the nephron:

1. Ultrafiltration: Blood flows into the nephron via the glomerulus, where high pressure pushes water and small solutes out of the blood and into the Bowman's capsule, creating a filtrate.

2. Reabsorption: As the filtrate moves through the PCT, vital substances like glucose, amino acids, and a large portion of water are reabsorbed into the bloodstream.

3. Osmoregulation: As the filtrate travels through the Loop of Henle, water is reabsorbed, helping concentrate the urine and maintain the body's water balance.

4. Urine Collection: The final filtrate, now urine, is gathered in the collecting duct, then transported to the renal pelvis and eventually to the bladder for excretion.

Nephron

Structure\ of\ a\ nephron

 

Posted by

Sayak

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The nephron has a cup-shaped bag at its upper end which is called Bowan's capsule.The lower end of Bowan's capsule is tube-shaped and it is called a tuble.The Bowan's capsule and the tubule taken together make a nephron. One end of the tubule is connected toBowan's capsule and its other end is connected to a urine-collecting duct of the kidney. The Bowan's capsule contain a bundle of capillaries which is called glomerulus. One end of glomerules is attracted to renal artery which bring the dirty blood containing the urea waste in it. The other end of glomerulus comes out of Bowan's capsule as a blood capillary, surround the tubule of nephron and finally joins a renal vein. The fiction of glomerulus is to filter the blood passing through it. The dirty blood containing waste like urea enters the glomerulus. The glomerulus filters this blood. During filtration, the substance like glucose, amino acid, salts, water and urea, etc., present in the blood pass into Bowan's capsule and then enter the tubule of nrphron. When the filtrate containing useful substance as well as the waste substance passes through the tubule, then the useful substances like all glucose, all amino acid, most salts, most water etc., are reabsorbed into the blood through blood capillaries surrounding the tuble. Only the waste substance urea, some unwanted salts and excess water remain behind in the tubule. The liquid left behind in the tubule of nephron is urine. The nephron carries this urine into the collecting duct of the kidney from where it is carried to ureters. From the ureters, urine passes into urinary bladder. Urine is stored in the bladder for some time and ultimately passed out of the body through urethra.

Posted by

Deepika

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