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10.2 Discuss the general characteristics and gradation in properties of alkaline earth metals

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The general characteristics and gradation in properties of alkaline earth metals-

  • General electronic configuration is [noble gas]ns^{2}.
  • Have two electrons to lose and attain their nearest noble gas configuration.
  • have smaller atomic and ionic radii than corresponding alkali metals in the same periods.
  • First IE is higher than those elements of group 1
  • electropositive nature increase down the group from Be to Ba.
  • they give a positive flame test by imparting different colours.(except Be and  Mg)

 Chemical properties-

  • Be and Mg are inert to oxygen and water. this is because of the formation of a thin layer of oxide on their surface.(powdered Be give BeO and Be_{3}N_{2}.
  • React with halogens at high temperature to form halogen halides. [M+X_{2}\rightarrow MX_{2}]  here M = alkaline metals and X = halogen elements
  • All alkaline metals react with hydrogen and form hydrides except for Beryllium
  • React with acids to form salts and produce dihydrogen gas. [M+2HCl\rightarrow MCl_{2}+H_{2}(g)]
  • Act as a reducing agent but not as powerful as alkali metals. Down the group reducing power decreases.
  • Also, dissolve in liquid ammonia and give the deep blue coloured solution.M + (x+y)NH_{3}\rightarrow [M(NH_{3})_{x}]^{2+}+2[e(NH_{3})_{y}]^{-}
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