11.1 Discuss the pattern of variation in the oxidation states of
These elements belong to group 13 of the general electronic configuration. These elements have three valence electrons, therefore, they can exhibit a maximum only +3 oxidation state. Boron shows only +3 oxidation state but other elements also show +1 oxidation state. On moving down the group from, its stability increases due to inert pair effect. After removal of the last electron from p- orbital, the remaining two electrons behave like inert gases and don't take part in bonding. They are strongly attracted by the nucleus. This reluctance of the s- electron pair to take part in bond formation is called inert pair effect.