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Q 6. Explain how animals in Vertebrata are classified into further subgroups.
Answers (1)
Vertebrates are further classified according to several criteria like an exoskeleton, respiratory organs, method of giving birth, number of chambers in the heart, mode of living, etc. They are further classified into classes Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammals.
Pisces include the fishes. They are aquatic, cold-blooded animals having 2 chambers of the heart. Their skin is covered with scales/plates. They lay eggs and respire through gills. They excrete urea. The endoskeleton may be bony or cartilaginous.
Amphibians, on the other hand, live partly in water and partly on land. Their skin is smooth without scales. Respiration is through the gills, lungs, skin or buccal lining. They possess 3 chambered hearts and are oviparous. They are cold-blooded.
Reptiles are creeping vertebrates possessing dry scaly exoskeletons. They are cold-blooded, breathe through their lungs and possess 3 chambered hearts. They are oviparous and excrete uric acid.
Aves include the birds. They are warm-blooded, oviparous vertebrates with a covering of feathers. Their forelimbs are modified into wings for flight. Respiration through the lungs and 4 four-chambered hearts are present.
Mammals possess mammary glands for feeding the young. They are warm-blooded with 4-chambered hearts. They are viviparous. They possess external pinna and hair on the skin. Parental care is highly developed. They excrete urea.
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