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  • Explain the formation of H_2 molecule on the basis of valence bond theory.

4.33     Explain the formation of  H_{2}  molecule on the basis of valence bond theory.

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Formation of H_{2} molecule:

Assume that two hydrogen atoms (A\ and\ B) with nuclei (N_{A}\ and\ N_{B}) and electrons (e_A\ and\ e_B) are taken to undergo a reaction to form a hydrogen molecule.

When the two atoms are at a large distance, there is no interaction between them. As they approach each other, the attractive and repulsive forces start operating.

Attractive force arises between:

(a) The nucleus of one atom and its own electron i.e., N_A- e_A and N_B- e_B.

(b) The nucleus of one atom and electron of another atom i.e., N_A-e_B and N_B-e_A

Repulsive force arises between:

(a) Electrons of two atoms i.e.,  e_A - e_B.

(b) Nuclei of two atoms i.e., N_{A} - N_{B}.

The force of attraction brings the two atoms together, whereas the force of repulsion tends to push them apart.

H2 molecule

The attractive force overcomes the repulsive force. Hence, the two atoms approach each other. As a result, the potential energy decreases. Finally, a state is achieved when the attractive forces balance the repulsive forces and the system acquires minimum energy. This leads to the formation of a dihydrogen molecule.

Posted by

Divya Prakash Singh

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