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  • Explain the given reactions with the examples (a) Hydrogenation reaction

Explain the given reactions with the examples 

(a) Hydrogenation reaction 

(b) Oxidation reaction 

(c) Substitution reaction 

(d) Saponification reaction 

(e) Combustion reaction

Answers (1)

(a) Hydrogenation reaction is addition of hydrogen to unsaturated molecule of a hydrocarbon.

Oils are unsaturated compounds containing double bonds. Unsaturated compounds are the only one which can undergo addition reaction.

The reaction is known as hydrogenation reaction. For example:

Hydrogenation reactions are addition reactions

 

(b) Oxidation reaction: A reaction in which an organic compound is reacted with an oxidizing agent where hydrogen is removed or oxygen is added to the compound.

For example:

Alcohol \rightarrow Aldehyde/Ketone \rightarrow Carboxylic acid

CH_{3}CH_{2}OH \overset{Alk. KMnO_{4}}{\rightarrow}CH_{3}COOH

 

(c) Substitution reaction is when atom or group of atoms are replaced with other atom or group of atoms.

CH_4 + Cl_2 \overset{hv}{\rightarrow} CH_3Cl + HCl

(d) When an ester is heated with sodium hydroxide solution, ester gets hydrolyzed (breaks down) to form the parent alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid.

Example:

CH_3COOCH_3 + NaOH \overset{Alk. KMnO_{4}}{\rightarrow} CH_3COONa + CH_3OH

(e) Combustion Reaction is where an organic compound reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water vapor.

CH_4 + 2O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 + 2H_2O + Heat + Light

 

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