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  • Fractional distillation is suitable for separation of miscible liquids with a boiling point difference of about 25 K or less. What part of fractional distillation apparatus makes it efficient and possess an advantage over a simple distillation process?

Fractional distillation is suitable for separation of miscible liquids with a boiling point difference of about 25 K or less. What part of fractional distillation apparatus makes it efficient and possess an advantage over a simple distillation process? Explain using a diagram.

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Solution:
If we mix two liquids of significant different boiling points, we can separate them by process of distillation.
Generally, this technique is used if difference in boiling point is more than 25^{\circ}C \sim 30^{\circ}C.
But Fractional Distillation is effective even the boiling point difference is less than 25^{\circ}C
In fractional distillation Method, a fractionating column is used and it makes it efficient. This column is packed with glass beads or small plates. It increases the surface area. The increase in surface area will increase the rate of condensation for the vapours. Vapour quickly loose energy, when they come in contact with beads or plates and can be condensed easily.
The length of the column would increase the efficiency of the process.

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