Q. 1. How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive?
Mendal Conducted many experiments by crossing the Tall plants and Short plants. he found that the trait Tall which appears in the first generation also appeared in the second generation with 75 % in number. and the trait short appeared in the second generation by 25% in number. Hence he concluded that trait Tall is Dominant and the trait short is recessive.
in other words:
Tall + Tall = Tall
Tall + Short = Tall
Short + Tall = Tall
Short + Short = Short
As we can see there are 3 out of 4 Tall in the next Generation. Hence it is a dominant trait.
Hence by this experiment, he showed that traits can be Dominant or Recessive.
Mendel's hybridization experiments on Garden pea plant showed that in F1 progeny all plants were of same type (tall). But in F2 progeny all the plants were not of same type. Rather they were in the ratio of 3:1, i.e., three times dominant (tall) and one time recessive (dwarf).