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6.24 Name the processes from which chlorine is obtained as a by-product. What will happen if an aqueous solution of NaCl is subjected to electrolysis?

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In Down's process, we prepare sodium metals in which chlorine is obtained as a by-product. It involves electrolysis of a fused mixture of NaCl and CaCl_{2}. Sodium is deposited at cathode and chlorine at anode as a by-product.

NaCl(l)\rightarrow Na^{+}(melt)+Cl^{-}(melt)

At Cathode - Na^{+}+e^{-}\rightarrow Na

At anode-  Cl^{-}\rightarrow \frac{1}{2}Cl_{2}+e^{-}

If an aqueous solution of NaCl is subjected to electrolysis, dihydrogen gas (H_{2}) is evolved at the cathode while chlorine (Cl_{2}) is obtained at the anode.

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