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  • Suggest separation technique(s) one would need to employ to separate the following mixtures. (a) Mercury and water (b) Potassium chloride and ammonium chloride (c) Common salt, water and sand (d) Kerosene oil, water and salt

Suggest separation technique(s) one would need to employ to separate the following mixtures.
(a) Mercury and water
(b) Potassium chloride and ammonium chloride
(c) Common salt, water and sand
(d) Kerosene oil, water and salt

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Solution:

(a) Mercury and water – Mercury and water both are liquids but they are insoluble with each other.
The density of mercury is 13.6 times higher than the density of water.
Due to this difference in density and insolubility we can separate them by separating funnel.
(b) Potassium chloride and ammonium chloride – Ammonium chloride can be sublimated that means it can convert in
vapour without having the intermediate phase of liquid. Potassium chloride does not sublime.
 Hence, we can separate this mixture by the process of sublimation.
 (c) Common salt, water and sand – Salt is soluble in water but sand is not, hence we can separate sand from salty water by filtration. Now by the process of evaporation we can find dry salt as the water gets evaporated but salt remain there.
 (d) Kerosene oil, water and salt – Due to difference in densities of kerosene oil and salty water, we can use the method of separating funnel to separate kerosene oil from salty water. Now by the process of evaporation we can find dry salt as the water gets evaporated but salt remain there.

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