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  • What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants ?

Q. 3.     What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants?

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In highly organised plants the transport system consists of the following two components.

(i) Xylem: The xylem consists of a network of vessels and elongated cells called tracheids. The xylem tissues transport the water and other minerals absorbed from the soil by the roots to different parts of the plant.

The xylem is composed of four types of elements: tracheids, vessels, xylem fibers, and xylem parenchyma.

Tracheids:

Tracheids are elongated, tube-shaped cells with lignified walls and tapered ends.

Vessels:

A vessel is a long, cylindrical, tube-like structure made up of multiple vessel elements, featuring lignified walls and a large central cavity.

Xylem fibers:

Xylem fibers have thicker walls, and their central lumens are absent.

Xylem parenchyma:

Xylem parenchyma cells are living cells with thin, cellulose-based walls

(ii) Phloem: The Phloem tissue transports the soluble organic compounds (food) synthesized during photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

The phloem is comprised of companion cells, sieve tube elements, phloem fibers, and phloem parenchyma.

Companion cells:

Companion cells are parenchyma cells with specific functions.

Sieve tube elements:

They are elongated, tube-shaped structures arranged lengthwise.

Phloem fibers:

Phloem fibers are composed of sclerenchymatous cells.

Phloem parenchyma:

Phloem parenchyma consists of elongated, cylindrical cells with tapered ends, abundant cytoplasm, and a nucleus.

 

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