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  • What is biomass? Explain the principle and working of a biogas plant using a labelled schematic diagram.

What is biomass? Explain the principle and working of a biogas plant using a labelled schematic diagram.

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Answer:

Bio mass means the organic fuel obtained from plants and animal’s waste like cow dung, dry wood, vegetable waste and sewage etc.

Cow-dung, various plant materials like the residue after harvesting the crops, vegetable waste and sewage are decomposed in the absence of oxygen to give bio-gas or locally called as ‘gobar-gas’ due to the predominant use of cow dung.

Bio gas plant has a dome-like structure built with bricks. A slurry of cow-dung and water is made in the mixing tank from where it is fed into the digester. The digester is a sealed chamber in which oxygen is completely absent. Anaerobic micro-organisms that do not require oxygen to decompose complex compounds of the cow-dung slurry. After a few days for the decomposition process is complete and generate gases like methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide. All this gas is known as bio gas which is stored in the gas tank above the digester from which they are drawn through pipes for use.

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