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Get Answers to all your Questions
2.14 What is meant by positive and negative deviations from Raoult's law and how is the sign of related to positive and negative deviations from Raoult's law?
Answers (1)
Positive and negative deviation:- A non-ideal solution is defined as a solution which does not obey Raoult’s law over the entire range of concentration i.e., and
. The vapour pressure of these solutions is either higher or lower than that expected by Raoult’s law. If vapour pressure is higher, the solution shows a positive deviation and if it is lower, it shows a negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
Enthalpy relation to positive and negative deviation can be understood from the following example:-
Consider a solution made up of two components - A and B. In the pure state the intermolecular force of attraction between them are A-A and B-B. But when we mix the two, we get a binary solution with molecular interaction A-B.
If A-B interaction is weak than A-A and B-B then enthalpy of reaction will be positive thus reaction will tend to move in a backward direction. Hence molecules in binary solution will have a higher tendency to escape. Thus vapour pressure increases and shows positive deviation from the ideal behaviour.
Similarly, for negative deviation, A-B interaction is stronger than that of A-A and B-B.
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