Q 9.17 (b) What is the answer if there is no outer covering of the pipe?
In the case when there is no outer layer, we apply Snell's law at the glass-air interface (when the ray is emerging out from the pipe),
The refractive angle corresponding to this is, 90 - 36.5 = 53.5.
So, from here we can see that the angle r is greater than the critical angle. So for all of the incident angles, the rays will get internally reflected. In other words, rays won't bend in air-glass interference, they would rather hit the glass-air interference and get reflected