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  • What is the significance of the terms — ‘isolated gaseous atom’ and ‘ground state’ while defining the ionization enthalpy and electron gain enthalpy? Hint : Requirements for comparison purposes.

3.14   What is the significance of the terms — ‘isolated gaseous atom’ and ‘ground state’ while defining the ionization enthalpy and electron gain enthalpy?
Hint : Requirements for comparison purposes.

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The significance of the term 'isolated gaseous atom' indicates that the atoms in the gaseous phase are much far separated that there does not have any mutual attraction or repulsion interactions present which is an isolated state. Here the value of ionization enthalpy and electron gain enthalpy are not influenced by the presence of the other atoms.

The significance of the term 'ground state' means that in an atom, electrons are present in the lowest energy state where they neither lose nor gain an electron. Ionization enthalpy and electron gain enthalpy are generally expressed with respect to the ground state of an atom only.

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Divya Prakash Singh

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