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Write the modes by which insects affect the crop yield.


 

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Crops are affected by insects in three ways:

  1. Insect pests damage various plant parts like the roots, leaves, and stems, which disrupts essential processes like photosynthesis. This interference limits the plant's ability to produce food, reducing its growth and development, and consequently decreasing the plant's overall productivity.

  2. Insects often attack the cell sap of plants, feeding on the nutrients contained in different plant parts. This leads to a depletion of essential resources, resulting in poor crop yields. The loss of nutrients hampers the plant's growth, leading to weaker plants and fewer fruits or seeds, ultimately affecting agricultural output.

  3. Certain insect pests, such as borers, burrow into the fruits and stems of plants. This damage disrupts the plant’s internal structure, making it more prone to diseases and decay. The result is a reduced crop yield as the damaged parts of the plant become less productive or even unmarketable, impacting both the quantity and quality of the harvest.

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