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  • Trace the economic condition under the Delhi Sultanate.

Trace the economic condition under the Delhi Sultanate.

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According to Ibn Battuta, a traveler who came to India from North Africa during the fourteenth century, the state of agriculture was extremely prosperous. The soil was fertile enough to produce two crops per year. Rice was sown three times a year. Many beautiful mosques, palaces, forts and monuments were built during this period which shows the grandeur of this period. During this period, the sultans, rulers of independent provincial states and the nobles had immense wealth from which they lived a life of royalty and happiness.

Following are some of the major economic conditions of Delhi Sultanate-

Agriculture - Agriculture was a major source of business.

Land was the source of production. The yield was generally sufficient.

The men looked after and harvested the crops and women took care of the animals.

Towns served as centers of distribution of agricultural products and industrial goods.

The state used to keep a large part of the production in the form of a commodity.

Industry - There were village and cottage industries here.

The workers employed here were family members.

Conservative techniques were used.

Cottage industries such as weaving and cotton spinning took place during this period.

The large enterprises which the Sultan took over the construction work were known as "factories".

The craftsmen worked directly under the supervision of the officers.

The textile industry was one of the largest industries of this time.

Trade and commerce - During the reign of the Sultans there was considerable prosperity in the domestic and foreign trade.

There were different classes of merchants and shopkeepers for internal trade.

Mainly the Gujaratis of the north, the Chetis of the south, the Banjaras of Rajputana were the main traders.

Large deals of goods were done in 'mandis'.

The main items of import were silk, velvet, embroidered goods, horses, guns, gunpowder, and some precious metals.

The main items of export were grain, cotton, precious stones, indigo, hides, opium, spices and sugar.

Countries influenced by India in commerce included Iraq, Persia, Egypt, East Africa, Malaya, Java, Sumatra, China, Central Asia and Afghanistan.

Tax system - The tax was collected by the Sultan of Delhi Sultanate in five categories, which led to the decline of the economic system of the empire.

Taxes- usher, Kharaj, Khams ,jizya and Zakat.

Transport and Communication - Traveling with inns on 5 kos of the main highways at this time was nicer than in Europe. Due to this people had a sense of security.

The Mughals paid special attention to the quality of roads and inns which made communication easier.

Goods tax was levied on the goods at the time of their entry into the empire.

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Deependra Verma

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