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  • Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products (ii)

Q 12.17     Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reagent or products.

         (ii)        \xrightarrow[heat]{SoCl_{2}}

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The -OH groups of both carboxylic acid is replaced by the chlorine 
So, the overall reaction is

 

Phthalic acid can be converted to phthaloyl chloride by reacting phthalic anhydride with a chlorinating agent like thionyl chloride or phosgene in the presence of a catalyst. The reaction is typically carried out at a temperature of 80 to 200 °C and a pressure of 0.01 to 10 MPa abs. Triphenylphosphine, triphenylphosphine oxide, or a mixture of the two can be used as a catalyst.

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