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  • For an electrophilic substitution reaction, the presence of a halogen atom in the benzene ring _______. (i) deactivates the ring by inductive effect

For an electrophilic substitution reaction, the presence of a halogen atom in the benzene ring _______.
(i) deactivates the ring by inductive effect
(ii) deactivates the ring by resonance
(iii) increases the charge density at ortho and para position relative to meta position by resonance
(iv) directs the incoming electrophile to meta position by increasing the charge density relative to ortho and para position.

Answers (1)

The answer is the option (i) deactivates the ring by inducive effect & (iii) increases the charge density at ortho and para position relative to meta position by resonance.

Explanation: Presence of halogen atom on benzene ring direct electrophile on ortho and para positions and increases electron density on ortho and para positions. It also shows the +R effect. Due to -I effect halogen pulls an electron from benzene since they are more electronegative and decreases electron density. The electron density on ortho and para position is greater than meta-position due to resonance.

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