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  • Giving examples, differentiate between ‘roasting’ and ‘calcination’.

6.14 Giving examples, differentiate between ‘roasting’ and ‘calcination’.

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Roasting- The process of converting sulphide ore to oxide. In this process, the ore is heated in the furnace with a regular supply of air, below its melting temperature: example- sulphide ore of zinc, lead, and copper.

\\2ZnS+3O_{2}\rightarrow 2ZnO+2SO_{2}\\ 2PbS+3O_{2}\rightarrow 2PbO+2SO_{2}\\ 2Cu_{2}S+3O_{2}\rightarrow 2Cu_{2}O+2SO_{2}

Calcination- Process of converting hydroxide and carbonate ore to oxide in a limited supply of air. The temperature should be below the metals melting point in this process volatile matter which escapes, leaving behind the metal oxide.

\\Fe_{2}O_{3}.xH_{2}O \overset{\Delta }{\rightarrow}Fe_{2}O_{3}(s)+xH_{2}O(g)\\ ZnCO_{3} \overset{\Delta }{\rightarrow} ZnO(s)+CO_{2}(g)\\ CaCO_{3}.MgCO_{3} \overset{\Delta }{\rightarrow} CaO(s)+MgO(s)+2CO_{2}(g)

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