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  • Match the ions given in Column I with their nature-given in Column II.

Match the ions given in Column I with their nature-given in Column II.

Column I Column II
(i)  (a) Stable due to resonance

(ii) 

 (b) Destabilised due to inductive effect
(iii)  (c) Stabilised due to hyperconjugation
(iv)  (d) A secondary carbocation

           

Answers (1)

The stability of a carbocation increases as the number of alkyl groups increases. For example, tertiary carbocations with three alkyl groups are more stable than secondary carbocations with two alkyl groups.

The stability of a carbocation is determined by a combination of hyperconjugation, inductive effect, and resonance effect: 

  • Hyperconjugation

    The delocalization of electrons in sigma bonds, which stabilizes the carbocation. The more hyperconjugation, the more stable the carbocation. 

  • Inductive effect

    The tendency of some compounds to donate electrons. Electron releasing groups (+I effect) increase the stability of a carbocation. 

  • Resonance effect

    The delocalization of electrons, which lowers a molecule's total energy. Resonance effects are generally stronger than inductive effects.

Therefore, the correct match of the ions is (i) → (a), (b), (d) (ii) → (b) (iii) → (b) (iv) → (c), (d)

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