In Bougainvillea thorns are the modifications of (1):
Stipules
Adventitious root
Stem
Leaf
As discussed in
Types of special stem modifications -
Phyllacodes - Flat, fleshy, green leaf like structure which has a succession of nodes and internodes at long and short intervals. Leaves are modified into spine or scale to check transpiration. Photosynthesis takes place in phyllacodes. Ex: Opuntia, cereus, Euphorbia
Cladode - Phylloclade with one internode is called cladode. Ex: Aspargus & Ruscus
Thorn - Modification of axillary bud or terminal bud of the stem. It may bear leaves, flowers & Endogenous in origin. Ex: Catissa (Karonda), pomegranate, citrus, Bougainvillae
Tendrils - Helps the plant to climb, When it comes in contact with the neighbouring object it coils round it. It is modification of axillary bud and exogenous in origin. Ex: Grapes, cucumber, pumkins, watermelon etc
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Thorns are modified stems
Option 1)
Stipules
This solution is incorrect
Option 2)
Adventitious root
This solution is incorrect
Option 3)
Stem
This solution is correct
Option 4)
Leaf
This solution is incorrect