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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 Human Health and Disease: In the Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 NCERT Solutions, you will see questions related to the discovery of antibiotics, synthetic plant-derived drugs, and anesthetics that have changed medical practice on the one hand and human health on the other. In the solutions for NCERT Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 Human Health and Disease, you will understand some definitions, such as that health is not just the absence of disease. It is a state of complete physical, mental, social, and psychological well-being. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 PDF download will be helpful in developing concepts from the questions asked in the textbook. If you are looking for the answers to any other class from 6–12, then NCERT Solutions are there for you. By referring to the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology, you will be able to understand all the important concepts.
In order to study for the board exams, students can use these NCERT Solutions for Class 12. Additionally, these answers are available for free download in PDF format. It provides answers in accordance with the most recent CBSE Syllabus (2023–24) and the NCERT Textbook.
After going through the human health and disease chapter, you will be able to answer the questions that are given at the end of the chapter. If you have any doubts or are not able to answer them by yourself, then Solutions for Human Health and Disease NCERT will help you understand the concept behind it. Try to solve all the questions given in the Human Health and Disease NCERT PDF, as it will help you to answer them correctly.
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Solutions for human health and disease Class 12 NCERT will also provide knowledge about the topic of the immune system. Our immune system plays a major role in preventing these diseases when we are exposed to disease-causing agents. The innate defences of our body are:
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NCERT Exemplar for Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 Human Health and Disease
Answer:
Health measures as a safeguard against infectious diseases
The public health measures that can be taken to avoid infectious diseases are as follows:
Q2. In which way has the study of biology helped us to control infectious diseases?
Answer:
Biological research and tools always have been helpful in controlling and eradicating infectious or communicable diseases. biology helps us in various ways, some of them are:
1. By using the knowledge of biology we can, know the nature of the diseases.
2. To find out the mode of transmission of disease, biology plays a very important role, for example, if a person shows symptoms like vomiting or diarrhea, the mode of transmission can be through contaminated food. and disease will take the -faecal route.
3. To provide treatment and cure the infected person by medicines.
4. provide vaccines and immunization treatment for preventing the further spread of disease.
Human Health and Disease Class 12 Questions and Answers:
Q3. How does the transmission of each of the following diseases take place?
Answer:
Amoebiasis- It transmits via the consumption of water and food contaminated by amoebic cysts.
Answer:
Malaria- It transmits from one person to another by means of female Anopheles mosquito. When this mosquito bites a diseased person, along with blood it takes the parasite and while biting a healthy person, the parasite transfers to the healthy person.
Answer:
Ascariasis- It transmits through food and water contaminated with eggs of the parasite.
Answer:
Pneumonia- It transmits through droplet infection i.e. through a sneeze, cough, sharing utensils etc.
Q4. What measure would you take to prevent water-borne diseases?
Answer:
Drinking contaminated water is one of the main reasons for water born diseases such as typhoid, cholera etc. The measures that can be taken to prevent water-borne diseases are as follows
1. To prevent these diseases we should dispose of sewage, excreta, etc. properly.
2. We should check our water reservoirs regularly.
3. We should consume clean, pure, contamination free water only.
Q5. Discuss with your teacher what does 'a suitable gene' means, in the context of DNA vaccines.
Answer:
A suitable gene means that special DNA segment which can be injected into the host body to produce specific proteins. These specific proteins should be such that they can kill the particular disease-causing organism present in the host body.
Human Health and Disease Class 12 Solutions
Q6. Name the primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
Answer:
Lymphoid organs are the organs in which origin, maturation and proliferation of lymphocytes occur. Lymphoid organs are of two types i.e. primary lymphoid organs and secondary lymphoid organs. In primary lymphoid organs, the origin of lymphocytes occurs. These include bone marrow and thymus.
After maturation, lymphocytes migrate to a secondary lymphoid organ-like spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, peyer’s patches of small intestine and appendix. They provide the sites for interaction lymphocyte with antigens.
NCERT solutions for class 12 biology chapter 8 human health and disease
Q8. Differentiate the following and give examples of each:
(a) Innate and acquired immunity
Answer:
Innate immunity | Acquired immunity |
It is a non-specific type of defence present at the time of birth and provides different kinds of barriers to the entry of foreign agents into the body. | It is pathogen specific defence characterised by memory. |
It remains throughout the life | It is short- lived |
Innate immunity is inheritable | Acquired immunity is not inheritable |
Answer:
Active immunity | Passive immunity |
Active immunity develops in a person’s own body in response to an infection or any disease | Passive immunity develops in a person's body when antibodies from outside are injected into the body |
Active immunity does not have side effects | It may have side effects |
It is long lasting | It has a short span |
Active immunity takes a long period to provide show effect | Passive immunity immediately shoe effects and provides relief |
Answer:
The well-labelled diagram of an antibody molecule is as follows:
Answer:
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. The various routes by which transmission of human immunodeficiency virus takes place are:
1. Through sharing of infected needles.
2. Having sex with an infected person without using condoms.
3. Infected mother to baby through the placenta.
4. Through the transfer of blood from an infected person to normal person
Answer:
AIDS is a viral disease caused by the HIV virus. It is considered to be one of the most dangerous diseases with no cure until now. HIV affects the immune system of the body and makes it unable to perform its usual functions. The mechanism by which HIV virus causes deficiency of the immune system is as follows:
1. After entering into the system, HIV binds itself to the surface receptors present on helper T-cell and introduces its RNA and reverse transcriptase enzyme into these cells.
2. After this, by utilizing the host cell's machinery, HIV produces a copy of DNA itself through reverse transcription.
3. This copy of DNA gets incorporated into the genome of the host cell. This is called the provirus form, which directs the viral genome to produce new virus particles.
4. The subsequent formation and release of viral particles destroy the host cell. As a result, the number of T helper cells decreases.
5. AIDS occurs when the count of helper T-cells falls very much and the body is unable to fight against diseases.
Human Health and Disease Class 12 NCERT Solutions
Q12. How is a cancerous cell different from a normal cell?
Answer:
Differences between cancerous cells and normal cells
Cancer cells | Normal cells |
Cancerous cells divide at a faster rate forming a mass of cells called tumour | Normal cells divide at a normal rate and do not cause the formation of tumors |
They spread, move to another tissue and affects their normal functions. Thus, they are not restricted to one location | These are restricted to one location |
Answer:
Metastasis- It refers to the process of formation of secondary tumors from the fragments of primary tumors. The pieces of primary tumors are carried to neighbouring tissues via blood. Metastasis is the last stage of cancer.
Answer:
Harmful effects caused by alcohol/drug abuse
1. These reduce the efficiency of all the tissues of our body. Long time use of drugs and alcohol can cause many mental and physical diseases.
2. These dilate the blood vessels and affect the normal functioning of the heart.
3. Excessive drug/alcohol abuse can lead to cirrhosis in the liver.
4. Excessive drug/alcohol abuse may increase the workload of kidneys and causes kidney failure.
5. Long time use of alcohols /drugs can cause impotence.
6. Alcoholics lose their image in society because of their nature created under the influence of alcohols.
7. Drug/alcohol abuse increases family violence which affects their family and social life.
Answer:
Yes, friends can influence one to take alcohol/drugs. However, we can avoid those conditions in the following ways:
1. We should avoid the company of those friends who take drugs or alcohols.
2. We should increase our will power to stay away from these things.
3. We should have knowledge about the bad results of taking alcohols or drugs.
4. We should take the help of our parents if any question arises in our mind regarding this.
5. We should immediately consult a doctor if any symptoms like depression or frustration felt.
Q17 . In your view what motivates youngsters to take to alcohol or drugs and how can this be avoided?
Answer:
There are several reasons which motivate youngsters to take alcohol. Some of these are given hereunder:
1. Appreciation from friends on the use of such things.
2. Sometimes youngsters start taking these things just for pleasure
3. To get rid of depression and frustration, youngsters often move to drugs/alcohol.
4. After watching it in movies, adolescents think that taking alcohol or drugs is a sign of being cool and royal. So, they also start following these.
5. Some times the company of wrong friends makes us alcoholic.
We can avoid all these, by sharing our problems with our parents. We should understand the bad effects of alcohols and should not look at alcohols as a sign of royalty or greatness. There are many other ways to solve problems other than alcohol intake. Youngsters should be taught about the moral values.
Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 NCERT Solutions:
Q7. Expand well-known abbreviations
Answer:
MALT- Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue
Human Health and Disease Class 12 questions and answers:
Answer:
Once a person starts taking alcohols or drug, it becomes very difficult to get rid of this habit. It is mainly because according to this person, alcohol is the only way to attain a normal state. Alcohol does not affect any organ other than the nervous system of a human body.
However, due to the effect on the nervous system other organs also get affected. Prolonged use of alcohol can make a person so addicted that his nervous system works normally only in the presence of alcohol or drugs. Even when someone starts withdrawing alcohol or drugs, the body gets affected badly and withdrawal symptoms are seen. Due to these, withdrawal symptoms, people often do not get rid of alcohol.
Helpful tips for the prevention of diseases:
Chapter 8 Human Health and Disease Class 12 NCERT Solutions Biology are categorised under the Unit – Biology in Human Welfare following the latest CBSE Syllabus for the session 2023-24. According to previous trends, the unit has three chapters and is worth 14 marks. In this unit, students can anticipate a sizable number of questions. Therefore, in order to be able to answer any question, especially High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions, which evaluate students' reasoning abilities, students must carefully read through the NCERT Solutions of all the chapters including Class 12 biology chapter 8 question answer.
The term "human health" can be used to describe a person's social, physical, and mental well-being. In this chapter, a brief discussion of its significance and various diseases is provided. There is also discussion in Biology Chapter 8 Class 12 about the idea of drug abuse and some fatal diseases like AIDS and cancer. To learn more deeply, consult the NCERT Solutions for Ch 8 Biology Class 12, which were created by subject specialists.
Important Topics in NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Human Health and Disease:
Section | Topic Name |
8 | Human Health and Disease |
8.1 | Common Diseases in Humans |
8.2 | Immunity |
8.3 | AIDS |
8.4 | Cancer |
8.5 | Drugs and Alcohol Abuse |
8.6 | Summary |
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Class 12 biology Chapter 8 NCERT Solutions highlights are given below:
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Solutions |
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Mathematics Solutions |
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Biology Solutions |
NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Physics Solutions |
Chapter 1 | Reproduction in organisms |
Chapter 2 | Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants |
Chapter 3 | Human Reproduction |
Chapter 4 | Reproductive Health |
Chapter 5 | Principles of Inheritance and Variation |
Chapter 6 | Molecular basis of inheritance |
Chapter 7 | Evolution |
Chapter 8 | Human health and disease |
Chapter 9 | Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production |
Chapter 10 | Microbes in Human Welfare |
Chapter 11 | Biotechnology: Principles and Processes |
Chapter 12 | Biotechnology and its Applications |
Chapter 13 | Organisms and Populations |
Chapter 14 | Ecosystem |
Chapter 15 | Biodiversity and Conservation |
Chapter 16 | Environmental Issues |
NCERT solutions for Class 12 Maths |
NCERT solutions for Class 12 Chemistry |
NCERT solutions for Class 12 Biology |
NCERT solutions for Class 12 Physics |
We hope that these NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 Human Health and Disease will help you to score well in Board Examination and others.
Given below are the important topics of Class 12 Biology Chapter 8:
As per human health and disease ncert, these are the routes through which transmission of HIV can take place:
Primary lymphoid organs:
These are the measures which we need to take to prevent waterborne disease:
To download human health and disease ncert pdf, students can use the online webpage to pdf converter tools. To Score Well in the examination, follow the NCERT syllabus and exercise given in the NCERT Book. To practice more problems, students can refer to the NCERT exemplar.
Malignant tumours exhibit the pathological process of metastasis. This process involves the cancerous cells spreading to various body parts and dividing uncontrollably to form a mass of cells known as a tumour. Some of these tumour cells are able to shed off and make their way into the bloodstream, where they travel to far-off areas of the body, where they begin to actively divide and start new tumours.
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hello,
Yes you can appear for the compartment paper again since CBSE gives three chances to a candidate to clear his/her exams so you still have two more attempts. However, you can appear for your improvement paper for all subjects but you cannot appear for the ones in which you have failed.
I hope this was helpful!
Good Luck
Hello dear,
If you was not able to clear 1st compartment and now you giving second compartment so YES, you can go for your improvement exam next year but if a student receives an improvement, they are given the opportunity to retake the boards as a private candidate the following year, but there are some requirements. First, the student must pass all of their subjects; if they received a compartment in any subject, they must then pass the compartment exam before being eligible for the improvement.
As you can registered yourself as private candidate for giving your improvement exam of 12 standard CBSE(Central Board of Secondary Education).For that you have to wait for a whole year which is bit difficult for you.
Positive side of waiting for whole year is you have a whole year to preparing yourself for your examination. You have no distraction or something which may causes your failure in the exams. In whole year you have to stay focused on your 12 standard examination for doing well in it. By this you get a highest marks as a comparison of others.
Believe in Yourself! You can make anything happen
All the very best.
Hello Student,
I appreciate your Interest in education. See the improvement is not restricted to one subject or multiple subjects and we cannot say if improvement in one subject in one year leads to improvement in more subjects in coming year.
You just need to have a revision of all subjects what you have completed in the school. have a revision and practice of subjects and concepts helps you better.
All the best.
Hi,
You just need to give the exams for the concerned two subjects in which you have got RT. There is no need to give exam for all of your subjects, you can just fill the form for the two subjects only.
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