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  • By looking at which internal structure of a plant can you tell whether a plant is C_3 or C_4 ? Explain.

2. By looking at which internal structure of a plant can you tell whether a plant is C_{3} or C_{4} ? Explain.

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By looking at the internal structure of the leaf, it can be revealed whether the plant is C3 or C4. In C4 plants, a leaf has Kranz anatomy wherein the undifferentiated mesophyll occurs in concentric layers around vascular bundles. Each vascular bundle is surrounded by a bundle sheath of large sized chloroplast containing cells. The chloroplasts of the bundle sheath cells are devoid of grana but contain starch grains. The chloroplasts of the mesophyll cells are granal and starch grains do not occur in them. In C3 plants, bundle sheath cells are neither very large, nor they contain chloroplasts. The mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma. All chloroplasts are granal and possess starch grains. 

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