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Get Answers to all your Questions
5. What do you understand by photoperiodism and vernalisation? Describe their significance.
Answers (1)
Answer
Photoperiodism- It is the effect of photoperiods or day duration of light hours on the growth and development of a plant, especially flowering. Based on photoperiodic response, flowering plants have been divided into the following categories-
1. Short-Day Plants– These plants flower when the photoperiod is below a critical period (continuous duration of light which must not be exceeded in short-day plants and should always be exceeded in long-day plants in order to bring them flower). Examples- Xanthium, Rice, Sugarcane, Potato etc.
2. Long Day Plants– These plants flower when they receive a long photoperiod of light, greater than a critical period. Example- Radish, Barley, Lettuce.
3. Day-Neutral Plants – The plants which can blossom throughout the year are called day-neutral plants. Example- Bean, Wild Kidney.
It is believed that the process of flowering is controlled by a flowering hormone known as florigen.
The significance of photoperiodism is that it helps in studying the response of flowering in various crop plants to the duration of exposure to light.
Vernalisation- It is the process of shortening the juvenile or vegetative phase and hastening flowering by cold treatment. The stimulus of Vernalisation is perceived by meristematic cells. Vernalisation helps in shortening the vegetative period of plants and brings about early flowering. It applies to temperate plants like Wheat, Rice, Millets, etc.
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