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12. What is the significance of meiosis?

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The process of meiosis is essential for all sexually reproducing organisms. It occurs in reproductive cells to form gametes that have half the number of chromosomes of the reproductive cells. The two gametes from reproductive cells fuse with each other to form a zygote. As a result, the zygote comes to have a double number of chromosomes. Thus, meiosis maintains the chromosome number of organisms. apart from this, there are other significances of meiosis also. Some of these are as follows

1. Meiosis form gametes that are required for sexual reproduction

2. Meiosis maintains the fixed number of chromosomes in sexually reproducing organisms by having the same during gametogenesis

3. In meiosis, paternal and maternal chromosomes assort independently. It causes a reshuffling of chromosomes and the traits controlled by them. The variations help the breeders in improving the races of useful plants and animals. 

4. Meiosis introduces a new combination of traits or variations. 

5. Chromosomal and genomic mutations occur by irregularities of meiotic division. Some of these mutations are useful to the organism. 

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