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  • What is meant by hybridisation? Compound CH_2 = C = CH_2 contains sp or sp^2 hybridized carbon atoms. Will it be a planar molecule?

What is meant by hybridisation? Compound CH_{2} = C = CH_{2} contains sp or sp^{2} hybridized carbon atoms. Will it be a planar molecule?

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Atomic orbitals combine together to form a new set of orbitals which are termed as the hybrid orbitals and different from pure orbitals, these hybrid orbitals are used in the bond formation and this particular phenomenon is known as hybridisation, which can be defined as the process of intermixing of orbitals of different energy levels so as to redistribute their energies, which results in the formation of a new set of orbitals of equivalent energies and shape.

As the two-terminal Carbon atoms are forming three sigma bonds, therefore the hybridisation will be sp^{2}. Whereas the central carbon atom is forming only two sigma bonds so, therefore the hybridisation will be sp.

It is known to us that the hybridisation of atoms is predicted by the total numbers of the sigma bonds formed by that particular atom and the lone pair of electrons present at the atom.

The p-orbitals in one plane overlap with one of the p-orbital of left terminal carbon atom and the p-orbital in other plane overlaps with p-orbital of right side terminal carbon atom. This fixes the position of two terminal carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms attached to them in planes perpendicular to each other. Due to this the pair of hydrogen atoms attached to terminal carbon atoms are present in different planes.


Hence, the molecule CH_{2} = C = CH_{2} is an not a planar molecule.

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